Freitag, 4. März 2011

Properties Of Hybrid Ceramic Ball Bearings

Ceramic ball bearing is a kind of bearing which has something different from other types of ball bearings. And in today's industries, there are more and more new categories of bearing products are developed to meet specific requirements.

Hybrid bearings are more and more commonly to be seen by us. One of the predominant applications for hybrid bearings is angular contact sets for high speed machine tool spindles. This application utilizes some of the key properties of the ceramic balls compared to steel: lower mass. The mass of a ceramic ball is about 40% of that of a steel ball of the same size. This means the hybrid ceramic bearing operates with less friction, less ball skidding, lower moment from gyro-spin, and therefore, lower operating temperature for a given speed, and higher limiting speed for a given size.

The hybrid ceramic ball bearing generally refers to a bearing assembly consisting of inner and outer rings of standard bearing steel, with silicon nitride ceramic balls. For some applications, the properties of the bearing with ceramic balls offer functional improvements in several different areas over a conventional all-steel bearing. There are many properties of the hybrid ceramic ball bearings.
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First of all, this kind of bearing has higher stiffness. A hybrid ceramic design typically increases Ball Bearing stiffness by 15 to 20% compared to all-steel. This allows increased cutting accuracy, as the spindle deflects less under load. Overall vibration is also reduced.

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Secondly, they hold potential benefits for a variety of bearing applications such as the smooth surface finish and high hardness. Bearing-grade ceramic balls are harder than bearing steel balls and have very good surface finish. Wear between the surfaces is reduced, and there is no cold welding between the ceramic ball and steel raceways under poor lube conditions. Therefore, the hybrid design generally requires less lubricant and is more forgiving of marginal lubrication than the all-steel design. The high hardness of the ceramic balls also makes them more resistant to surface-initiated damage from contaminant particles.

Thirdly, they have better corrosion resistance. The chemically inert ceramic balls will not corrode ¨C a potentially important issue for bearing applications such as food machinery and medical tools.

11 Tips for Air Compressor Maintenance

Now that you've invested in an air compressor to run all of your air tools you're going to have to learn how to keep it up and running. Because the standard handyman's air compressors don't typically require daily upkeep, it's easy to forget about them and neglect their upkeep. This can be a costly oversight so it's vital for you to keep an eye on the following maintenance tips.

Maintenance Tip 1: Read and Follow Your Air Compressor's Manual

Nothing stops an air compressor faster than an owner who doesn't read the owner's manual. There's going to be some simple tips in there for you that will help you to get a nice long life out of your air compressor - simple stuff for you to do that you would never have thought to do unless you read it. Plus, if you don't follow the rules in your air compressor manual there's a chance that you'll void your warranty. That in itself should be enough of an incentive to read the "flipping" manual.

Maintenance Tip 2: Drain The Moisture From The Tanks

The receiver tank collects moisture from the air that it's compressing - especially if you live in a humid climate. Most tanks have a valve for draining this moisture that accumulates and it's up to you to make sure that these are drained regularly. Before draining the water you should be sure to release the air pressure from the tanks.

Maintenance Tip 3: Clean Intake Vents

If you force your air compressor to work too hard to intake air you're losing power on your compression. This will gradually degrade the quality of your tool. Be sure to keep your intake vent as clean as possible and check them regularly especially if you're working in a dusty or dirty environment.

Maintenance Tip 4: Tighten All Fasteners

Your air compressor's a running, vibrating engine and it will loosen its screws, nuts and bolts on a regular basis. Be sure to check these periodically and tighten them up if you find any that have jiggled loose.

Maintenance Tip 5: Check Hoses Regularly

Check all your hoses periodically as they are the veins of your air compressor. If they become cracked or corroded they could soon begin to leak and then put undue strain on the rest of your compressor's components. Be sure to check them and replace them if you find them cracked or damaged.

Maintenance Tip 6: Test the Safety Shutdown System

Your air compressor may have a built in safety shut down. The function of this system is to shut off your compressor if it's getting too hot, or if the engine's oil pressure is too low. This test will help you ensure a longer lasting compressor.

Maintenance Tip 7: Check and Change Air Filters As Needed

A filthy air filter is only hurting your air compressor by allowing dirty air from the outside in, plus forcing it to work harder to intake air. Check your filters regularly and change them if you notice a heavy build up of dust and dirt. Change every six months or so if you use it infrequently.

Maintenance Tip 8: Clean the Fuel Tank

As with any engine you need to periodically clean out the fuel tank to ensure optimal operating conditions. You should look to clean out the engine on your air compressor once every year or so to remove any residual build up from the fuel. This will preserve the life of your engine.

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Maintenance Tip 9: Check and Change the Compressor Oil

If you're running a compressor that uses oil you should be checking it on a daily basis to make sure that your machine is topped off. Then, every 500-1000 hours of use you should be changing this oil to ensure maximum functioning of your air compressor.

Maintenance Tip 10: Change the Separator Element

The separator element prevents the excessive use of oil, but it has to be replace periodically. Keep your compressor in top condition by replacing the separator element every 1,000 hours of operation.

Maintenance Tip 11: Clean the Heat Exchangers

If your heat exchangers are dirty then they can't do their job, which is to reduce the operating temperatures of your air compressor. Clean them regularly to keep your operating temperatures down and increase the life span of your air compressor.

City reformulating controversial water meter plan, calls for tenders

A team of civil servants in the city's water-management department has been working to reformulate the $600-million project that was cancelled last year after Montreal auditor-general Jacques Bergeron released a damning report on irregularities, including that the competition was narrowed to award a $355.8-million contract that went to the consortium Génieau to buy and manage 30,500 industrial and commercial water meters and underground water flow regulators.

The team, which has been working for the city manager's office, is expected to present a proposal sometime this year, Hervé Logé, a section chief in the water-management department, said yesterday.
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Logé works for a separate team that is responsible for managing 50,000 existing municipal meters, 7,000 of which are in industrial, commercial and institutional buildings and 43,000 are in homes.

The city executive committee authorized a call for tenders on Wednesday to replace 2,200 outdated or broken meters, the city announced yesterday. The meters are expected to be delivered later this year, Logé said.

The replacement operation "is not linked to the project to relaunch the installation of water meters in (industrial, commercial and institutional buildings)," a civil service report on the matter says. It's an administrative decision based on the need to maintain existing meters to ensure readings and billing are accurate, it adds.

However, the report also says the Quebec government is developing a water conservation plan that will require municipalities to put water meters in industrial, commercial and institutional buildings. It will also require municipalities to accurately track over-all consumption using readings from water meters.

The city plans to get municipal staff to install half of the 2,200 replacement meters that are destined for industrial, commercial and institutional buildings, Logé said. The other half of the meters are residential and are destined for the boroughs of LaSalle and St. Laurent, which will manage their installation, he said.
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